The holidays are right around the corner, but your dog is acting anything but jolly. He’s lost the jingle in his step. Gone is his ready-quick grin, the goofy barks and the jubilant dash to fetch a favorite tossed toy. Just like us, holiday stress in dogs can extend past the festive ushering of the new year.

Consider this: Your loyal canine pal is so tuned into you, your emotions and your schedule. But the comforting predictability of the household routine has been upended by your erratic comings and goings, the arrival of a large tree in the living room with don’t-touch ornaments, the smell of oh-so-tempting goodies from the oven and the not-so-welcomed appearance of strange and sometimes obnoxious people referred to as “relatives” by you. That’s a doggone lot to deal with, especially for your confused canine.

Look for these clues of holiday stress in dogs (although they could also be due to a health concern, so consult with your veterinarian):

Boisterous behavior might be a sign of holiday stress in dogs. Photography ©caliburn82 | Thinkstock.

1. Loss of appetite
2. Lack of energy and interest
3. Lip licking and/or yawning
4. Becoming boisterous or whining
5. Hiding, cowering or ignoring your “come” calls
6. Chewing up sofa pillows or comforters that he has left untouched before the holidays
7. Turning into a Velcro dog, shadowing your every step in the house
8. Piddling and pooping in the house after years of stellar potty habits

If you don’t address these behavioral changes, the doggie blues can continue after the holidays when you return back to work and the kids head back to school. This is especially true for highly social dogs who welcome the holidays because they know they will get more attention in the forms of petting, cuddling and, especially, treats from you and visitors. Suddenly, they find themselves home alone.

Whether you plan to take a holiday vacation sans your dog or intend to stay home and fill your house with lots of guests, Dogster offers these effective solutions to prevent Yule time from turning into yowl time.

How to ease holiday stress in dogs if you’re taking a vacation without your pup

If you plan to take a dog-free vacation, hire a professional pet sitter or take your dog to a reputable boarding facility. The choice depends on your dog’s health, age, temperament and experience with other dogs.

“Dogs who are shy, quiet and get intimidated by the presence of other dogs or loud barking will likely prefer to be at home,” says Leni Kaplan, D.V.M., a veterinarian at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca, New York. “Dogs who can handle changes in their routines and environment, who are used to being around other dogs and especially those who go to doggie daycare are best candidates for boarding.”

In choosing a professional pet sitter, consider one who belongs to a professional pet sitting organization, such as the National Association of Professional Pet Sitters and Pet Sitters International. Members of these organizations must show proof of being licensed and bonded. This is not the time to save money by hiring the neighbor kid or an untrained house sitter.

“A professional pet sitter is prepared for emergencies and, in many ways, can be like Santa Claus to your dog,” says Joette White, president of Park Cities Pet Sitter in Dallas, voted the 2016 Business of the Year by NAPPS. “A pet sitter will feed, walk, play and love on your dog as well as pick up your mail, water the plants and take out the trash. We do all we can to let your dog know that he is loved and well-cared for during your absence. Plus, your dog gets to stay in his own home.” Boarding your dog — or taking him for doggie day care — are options if you have an energetic, social dog or one who acts up when there is a change in household routine.

“We get requests from people who know that the in-laws coming for the holidays don’t want dogs in the house or may be allergic to dogs or insist on bringing their dog who does not get along with your dog,” says Ash Vaughan, owner of Canine Republic Resort in Plano, Texas. His company was recently voted best boarding facilities by Plano Magazine. “We also get a lot of requests for doggie day care when people need a staycation at home or want their dogs in a safe place while they get the house ready for holiday guests.”

He advises that you scout out local boarding/day care facilities in advance and give your dog a “trial run” before the holiday to gauge his level of acceptance. His company offers a free day of day care during non-holiday seasons and encourages people to tour his center before booking a reservation.

How to ease holiday stress in dogs if you’re celebrating at home

Schedule five to 10 minutes of cuddle time each day with your dog. Photography © avemario | Thinkstock.

If you plan to stay home for the holidays with your dog, here are some ways to save the sanity and fend off stress for you both:

• Power walk with your pooch. Book time each day to take a daily brisk walk or run with your dog to stave off some of the holiday stress bubbling inside you both. Use the walk to mentally map out your holiday gift list or holiday dinner game plan — or as a good excuse to escape irritating or demanding relatives who are visiting.
• Schedule canine cuddle time. Calmly call your dog over and cuddle with him on the sofa for five to 10 minutes each day. Enjoy being in the moment with your four-legged pal. You will be amazed how this daily ritual will help you and your dog survive, perhaps even thrive, this holiday season.
• Dish up a holiday treat. Show your dog how much you love him by baking him a special batch of canine cookies or snacks. (See the sidebar for Marvelous Mutt Meatballs recipe).
• Book an activity that your dog can join you in. Take your leashed dog on a walk through a neighborhood all decked out in holiday lights and decorations. (Bring a stash of his favorite treats and poop bags.) Or check online for any special dog holiday parties or events in your area.

Keep tabs on your dog through technology

Whether you are gone from home for the day or the entire holiday, you can keep tabs on your home-alone dog 24/7. There are lots of high-tech monitoring devices that enable you to see, speak and even dole out a treat to your dog with the click of a button. Some gadgets even allow you to remotely play fetch or have your dog chase a laser toy from apps on your smartphone.

Nix holiday stress in dogs by making these New Year’s resolutions:

Be ready for the next round of holidays by creating and embracing some New Year’s resolutions to benefit your dog. Here are a few to consider:

• Become a label reader. Select quality commercial products that list a real meat (such as beef, chicken or salmon) as the first ingredient. Choose food made in North America to ensure quality compliance.
• Schedule daily mini-play sessions indoors, especially during inclement weather. Mix and match different types of dog toys to maintain interest. Toss a tennis ball down the hallway or engage in a friendly game of tug-of-war with a durable rope toy, or praise him for stalking and “capturing” a plush toy with a squeaker inside.
• Invest five minutes every day to brush your dog’s coat. Select the right brush or comb that fits his coat — short-haired, long-haired or nearly hairless like the Chinese Crested Dog or Mexican Hairless Dog (Xoloitzcuintli). Or use grooming gloves designed for use on dogs.

Have pet safety hotlines on hand

Keep your dog safe year-round by posting the contact information of your veterinarian, after-hours emergency veterinary clinic and the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center in a visible place, like the refrigerator. The APSCA’s 24-hour hotline can be reached by calling 888-426-4435 or you can visit its website at www.aspca.org/apcc.

Thumbnail: Photography ©Anna-av| Thinkstock.

Arden Moore, The Pet Health and Safety Coach™, is a pet behavior consultant, master certified pet first aid instructor, author and host of the Oh Behave Show on Pet Life Radio. Learn more at ardenmoore.com.

Editor’s note: This article appeared in Dogster magazine. Have you seen the new Dogster print magazine in stores? Or in the waiting room of your vet’s office? Subscribe now to get Dogster magazine delivered straight to you! 

Read more about dogs and the holidays on Dogster.com:

• 8 Ways to Take the Stress Out of Holiday Travel With Your Dog
• 5 Dog Breeds That Are Good with Holiday Guests
• 7 Dog Charities to Support This Holiday Season

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I love petting my dogs, and I love it when I know my dogs want some petting. Sometimes, they’re so eager for affection that they shove their bodies against me, waiting for their pets. Not all dogs start out eagerly seeking affection, pets or otherwise. When I first adopted my German Shepherd Dog, River, she didn’t like if I tried to pet the top of her head, and it took a long time before she would let me hug her. (With Forest, I’ve had him since he was a puppy, so it was normal to be touched, hugged and petted.) It took a long time to build that with River, and it helped that I know how to pet a dog properly.

Wait — there it is again. How to pet a dog properly? Yes, there is a right and wrong way to pet a dog. Unfortunately, many of us just dive right into petting dogs we just met or don’t even know. Or, we fail to read our own dogs’ body language when they’re telling us “please stop.”

So, how do you pet a dog and learn to read his body language to see if he’s OK with petting? And how do you pet a dog you don’t know? Let’s find out.

Dogs typically accept being petted by their owners, but strangers are a different story 

It’s instinct for humans to go right for the head when petting a dog — but most dogs actually don’t like it! Photography ©fcscafeine | Thinkstock.

Thankfully, dogs are pretty accepting of our pets and hugs … but won’t necessarily want the same affection from a stranger. “It’s just like us,” explains Susan Newell, owner and lead trainer of Animal Minds Behavior and Training in Rancho Cordova, California. “A friend giving you a hug is much different than a stranger coming up and giving you a hug.”

However, if you’re like me, sometimes you don’t want a hug, even from your friends. Your dog could be the same way. So how do you know if your dog wants some pets? Let him tell you. “If your dog is initiating the interaction, or licks your hand, that’s typically a good starting place to begin petting,” Newell says.

How to pet a dog starts with how you approach a dog

When it comes to another dog you don’t know, definitely don’t try to start petting him until he hints that he’s OK with it. And don’t offer him your hand to sniff — despite what a lot of us were taught, it’s not a good idea, Newell says.

“I can’t tell you how many dogs I run into that have learned to start biting hands because of that,” she says. Instead, she adds, “The best thing you can do is let a dog come up to you and you not do anything that’s not invited.”

Your body language matters when petting a dog

You also need to watch your body’s position and language, Newell says. Specifically, we shouldn’t hover over dogs, as they might perceive it as a threat. We also need to watch the amount of eye contact we make while petting dogs. While it’s natural for us to want to lovingly stare into a dog’s eyes, a dog might not interpret it the same way. “It’d be like if someone came up to you, shook your hand and stared at you,” Newell says. “You’d be creeped out.”

The general rule of thumb is not to make too much eye contact, specifically any hard stares, when you meet a dog you don’t know. Just glancing at a dog, or keeping your eyes averted are best practices when petting dogs you don’t know.

Dogs and hugs

Should you hug dogs, and how should you do it? Photography ©DAJ | Thinkstock.

A lot of dogs don’t like hugs. It depends on the individual dog, but to be safe, don’t hug a dog you don’t know. Your own dog might learn to tolerate hugs or even like them. However, it’s best to not let a stranger hug him or for you to hug any dogs you just met.

Where should you pet a dog?

There are specific areas dogs that dogs usually don’t like to to be pet: Their legs, paws, muzzles, tails and ears. (But behind their ears they tend to love). Another place dogs don’t like being touched? Their heads. Ironically, it’s almost instinctual for us to go right for the head. And while many dogs learn to tolerate it, why do it? There are plenty of better places to pet dogs that they seem to universally love.

Instead of the head, pet your dog under his chin or stroke his neck. Come in from the sides to scratch behind his ears, or wait until he rolls over so you can rub his belly. A dog who’s really into petting will often start moving his leg like he’s trying to scratch himself. The back of the neck, and the rump also seem to be popular spots for petting. 

Training your dog to be pet by strangers

It’s not a bad idea to teach your dog to tolerate being touched and petted in places he doesn’t like — both by you and a stranger. The American Kennel Club’s Canine Good Citizen exam specifically states that a well-trained dog should permit being petted by a stranger, as well as having his ears and legs examined.

The best way to do that is to ease your dog into it. I play with my dogs’ paws and ears here and there so they learn to tolerate it. I also taught them to let me hold their muzzles and examine their teeth and eyes, much like a veterinarian or groomer might.

While teaching them these things, I liberally rewarded them with treats so they learned to associate uncomfortable actions with their favorite foods. I did the same thing with strangers — my dogs learned that treats are close at hand when they accept a pet on the head from a stranger.

Read your dog’s body language

It’s good practice to teach your dog to tolerate petting he might not like. That’s especially true when  you run into that person who swoops in and pets your dog without asking you, let alone establishing any kind of permission with your dog. It’s in those moments that you’ll be glad you taught your dog to put up with people.

That being said, you need to read your dog’s body language so you know if he doesn’t like something or when he’s had enough. This is especially important around other people: You don’t want to push your dog so far that he reacts negatively, Newell says. “Not every dog knows to take himself away when he’s done,” she explains. “You need to take him away from a situation. Most of the time, I’ll back up and encourage the dog to come with me.”

Backing up is key, because it not only gets your dog away from a person, it doesn’t bring him closer to a person like it would if you walked forward. This move is good for another reason: You don’t have to rely on a stranger to stop what they’re doing. Most people will become offended or ask why if you request that they stop petting your dog. Instead, just move backward and bring your dog with you. 

What are the signs that a dog doesn’t like being petted?

“Body stiffness is huge,” Newells says. “If your dog holds his breath or his whole body goes stiff, that’s your first clue that it’s time to stop. If your dog’s ears go down, or his tail tucks under him, [these] are other important signs.”

Tell us: Where does your dog like to be pet? Where does he hate getting petted? What advice do you have for others on how to pet a dog?

Thumbnail: Photography ©Monkey Business Images Ltd | Thinkstock.

Jessica Pineda is a freelance writer who lives in Northern California with her two German Shepherds, Forest and River. Check out her dogs’ Instagram page at @gsd_riverandforest.

Read more about training your dog on Dogster.com:

• Is Your Dog Embarrassing in Front of Guests? Expert Advice
• What Does It Mean When Your Dog Lifts a Paw? 
• Simple Tips for Crate Training a Dog

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With the holiday season upon us, guests arrive on our doorstep. Protective dog breeds may tolerate new company but sigh with relief when they leave. After all, many working and herding breeds were developed to watch (not cheer!) strangers. Other breeds like a few quiet visitors, but don’t appreciate loud, noisy groups. And, of course, some individual dogs, regardless of breed, are so purely family-focused that they scowl when the doorbell rings.

Today, we’re talking to five breeds that are good with holiday guests — and will likely entertain them, too.

1. French Bulldog

French Bulldogs are known for being good with holiday guests. Photography courtesy Gordon Deen, French Bulldog Club of America, fbdca.org.

We delight in guests, as well as the morsels they drop. We’re also sufficiently self-assured to snooze (and snore!) smack dab in the middle of get-togethers when we need naps. Developed from English Bulldogs, we’re well-tempered, easy-to-keep and calm companions. But don’t think for one minute that laid-back means dull: I’ll sparkle and shine for visitors. I also won’t hassle you for long walks while you’re entertaining. I might, however, stand on your guests’ feet while they snack, reminding them of my presence and interest. My solemn expression disguises my passion for comedy; I’m called a clown in a philosopher’s cloak for good reason. Let’s start the party!

2. Coton de Tulear

Coton de Tulears are social butterfliers. Photography courtesy Terry Coy, North American Coton Association, northamericancotons.com.

A true social butterfly, I’ll roll out the carpet for visitors. Let’s share some stories about my history, for I’m the subject of fanciful, delightful folklore. My ancestors are legendary for surviving shipwrecks, swimming ashore from pirate ships or being carried to land by noble ladies. However my forefathers arrived, they became the much-loved Royal Dog of Madagascar. I’m fluffy and cheerful, small but sturdy, and jolly on any day, holiday or not. I’ll greet guests with gusto, as well as a jig, a smile or a clever vocalization. Because I’m an adaptable breed, my family can turn up the holiday tunes, decorate the house (in all those odd human-devised ways!) and open the door to many friends. Neither flashy guests nor spirited talk chases me from the room. Both my antics and beauty crave an appreciative audience.

3. Bichon Frise

The Bichon Frise, a.k.a. “the Love Dog,” is famously good with guests. Photography courtesy Becky Buckman, Bichon Frise Club of America, bichon.org.

Since I’m known as “the Love Dog,” it’s no surprise that I love meeting guests. Developed in the Mediterranean from Poodles and Water Spaniels, we were gifted by sailors to ladies in ports and traded by various sea merchants. Our powder puff appearance and merry nature made us valuable bequests back in sea-faring days. Today, we’ll alert you to your guests’ arrival, but we certainly won’t shoo them away. We’ll charm your guests with affection and maybe a few spontaneous shows. We have a natural love of the performing arts; some of us worked as circus dogs. In addition to all those lovely traits, we also don’t shed much. Your guests won’t leave covered in dog hair!

4. Golden Retriever

Golden Retrievers are sporty, enthusiastic and welcoming to company. Photography courtesy Anne Lorenz, Golden Retriever Club of America, grca.org.

Sporty and enthusiastic, we’re keen on new playmates. If you can throw a ball at the same time you sip your holiday beverage, you’ll be my new best friend. We were developed as outstanding gundogs for retrieving fowl in Scotland. One of our breed’s founders, Lord Tweedmouth, helped nurture our athleticism, passion for water and gentle mouths. My openhearted spirit and positive energy will make any guest feel at home. My hosting skills are golden: I excitedly await my guests, I amuse them while they’re here, and I look sad when they leave. They came for my benefit, right?

5. Bernese Mountain Dog

Bernese Mountain Dog. Photography courtesy Bethany Tracy (link under her name: wasatchcaninecamp.com), Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America, bmdca.org.

I’m in the working group, bred in Switzerland as a general farm dog. I pulled carts to market, drove dairy cattle, watched for trespassers and kept my farmer company while he worked. These days, I’m family-focused, but relatively calm about newcomers. Unlike some breeds that instantly delight in guests, we may briefly check out strangers. Our breed standard says it’s OK if we’re slightly aloof initially. But with our generous and affectionate nature, we usually warm up quickly. We’ll soon be soaking up attention and adding to the celebration.

Tell us: Is your dog good with holiday guests? In your experience, what dogs are good with holiday guests?

Thumbnail: Photography courtesy Gordon Deen, French Bulldog Club of America, fbdca.org.

Read more about dog breeds on Dogster.com:

• We Salute 5 Dog Breeds That Are Proven Military Heroes
• 4 Dog Breeds New to the American Kennel Club
• Meet 5 of Our Favorite Black-Coated Dog Breeds

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A team of scientists have used national registries of more than 3.4 million Swedes aged 40 to 80 to study the association between dog ownership and cardiovascular health. Their study shows that dog owners had a lower risk of death due to cardiovascular disease or to other causes during the 12-year follow-up.

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If we humans had to name the sense that was most vital in helping us navigate the world, many would choose vision. Sure, hearing is highly advantageous; and some might argue that taste, touch and smell help make life worth living. But if you stop and consider, even our human language is oriented toward the visual: we “see” the point; have high “regard” for things we like; share different “views” on a subject. But dog vision is a much different use of this sense.

How Dogs Use Sight

How dogs see and use sight is very different from us humans. Woman and dog in glasses. Photography by Dirima / Shutterstock.

Few individuals would examine their brand-new smartphone by giving it a few experimental sniffs. Yet that’s exactly how our dogs acquaint themselves with new situations. For canines, noses and tongues easily trump eyes when it comes to sensory input.

That certainly doesn’t mean dog vision is useless — but “contributory” might be a reasonable term. In fact, most vets would agree that blind and low-vision canines can learn to get along perfectly well by letting their snouts and taste buds lead the way.

“Blind canines generally adapt quickly to their environments, especially if furniture placement and routines are kept consistent,” notes Dr. Lisa McIntyre, owner and founder of The Welcome Waggin’ mobile veterinary service. “They rely on senses such as hearing and smell much more than they rely on their vision to assess and navigate their surroundings.”

Placed side-by-side, diagrams of the canine and human eye might initially seem comparable. The basic apparatus is, in fact, fairly similar. Eyelids protect the cornea, which is a transparent covering for the iris and pupil. The iris narrows or widens to allow light into the eyeball’s interior structure. This light travels through a lens, which focuses the light as it hits the retina toward the back of the eye. The retina converts the light and sends the optic nerve a signal, which allows the brain to interpret whatever is in the visual field.

Examined from several perspectives, however, dog vision and what dogs see clearly differs from human vision and what humans see. Here are a few distinctions worth noting.

1. The Placement of Your Dog’s Eyes

Did you ever notice the placement of your dog’s eyes? Photography ©MichaelRenee | Thinkstock.

Look directly at your dog for a moment. Notice the eye position? Instead of pointing straight ahead, the eyes of most canines are actually directed slightly outward. Proportionally, they’re also spaced more widely than human eyes.

In her book Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Know, cognitive scientist Alexandra Horowitz observes that this placement facilitates enhanced peripheral vision and “a panoramic view of the environment: 250 to 270 degrees, as contrasted to humans’ 180 degrees.”  The trade off, unfortunately, is that canine depth perception can be somewhat compromised when there’s less overlap in the visual field.

2. Pupil and Sclera Size in Dogs

Another discernible difference is pupil size. The pupil is the black center of the eye that admits light. In humans, its size can vary considerably — huge when we’re afraid, dramatically diminished when we glance at the noon sun. Horowitz observes that canine pupils tend to be more fixed in size, regardless of external stimuli. She also notes that humans have a more prominent sclera, or “white area,” which makes the direction of our focus fairly apparent. Because most canines have relatively little sclera showing, the precise object of their attention isn’t always easy to identify.

3. Dogs Have Third Eyelids

Dog eyes also have a nictitating membrane — essentially, a third eyelid. “This membrane helps protect the cornea and clear away debris, like a windshield wiper,” Dr. McIntyre explains. “It also contains a gland that helps supply tears to the eye; plus lymphoid tissue, which can help discourage infection.” The membrane normally isn’t in plain sight from day to day, but Dr. McIntyre notes that you might glimpse it when your dog is asleep. It’s also more visible when it’s functioning as an active barrier to wind, dirt or sand.

4. How Retinas Affect Dog Vision

In both humans and canines, the eye’s retina contains two types of receptors: rods and cones. Rods help the eye perceive motion and shades of light. Cones let the eye perceive color and fine detail. Horowitz explains that dogs have a lower cone density than humans. This can impact things like visual acuity and the ability to distinguish levels of brightness.

In humans, there’s an area called the macula in the central part of the retina. Within the macula, cone concentration is highest. In contrast, Dr. McIntyre explains that dogs have a horizontal band called a “visual streak.” She describes this as the area of greatest visual acuity, with the highest concentration of cones and lowest concentration of rods. She also explains that the width of this area generally depends upon the length of the snout; with shorter-nosed canines tending toward much shorter streaks. Horowitz notes that dogs with longer streaks have better panoramic and peripheral vision.

5. Can Dogs See Color?

One popular misconception is that dogs can’t see any color. That’s untrue — but because they have a higher number of rod cells and fewer cone cells, says Dr. McIntyre, “they’re not able to see details or colors as well as humans.” Horowitz points out that “the density of rods in dogs’ eyes varies, but they have as much as three times as many rods as we do.”

Dr. McIntyre explains that the human retina contains three types of cones, each sensitive to a different range of the color spectrum. These cones allow us to see shades of blue, green and red. Canines, in contrast, only have two types of cones: sensitive to yellow and blue. That means a dog’s color perception is similar to that of a human with red/green color blindness. “A dog’s world mainly appears in varying shades of yellow, blue and violet,” Dr. McIntyre explains. “So, an orange Frisbee will appear yellow on green grass — which, to a canine, also looks yellow!”

6. Dogs and Low-Light Vision

Some dog parents are moderately freaked out when they see their dog’s eyes shining eerily in photographs. Horowitz explains that this glow is due to a unique feature called the tapetum lucidum (in Latin, “carpet of light”). This thin, triangular film of tissue sits behind the canine retina, and rebounds light like a mirror. Rods therefore get a bonus chance to capture the visual.

In part, that’s why dogs have such superior low-light and night vision. Dr. McIntyre notes that this enhanced acuity is also due to the higher number of rod cells, which help canines see more shades of gray, black and white.

7. Dog Vision Has a Higher Flicker Rate

This higher concentration of rods also helps dogs perceive movement, explains Dr. McIntyre. Canines can perceive a higher “flicker rate” than humans. “Our world is seen through a series of snapshots that are fused together to form a static image,” she notes. “We humans see about 60 images per second; while dogs see around 70 to 80 snapshots per second.”

Why are most dogs able to find that orange Frisbee so readily? “Because they can easily see it sailing through the air,” Dr. McIntyre says, “and they can also track it by its distinctive smell.”

So, What Do Dogs See?  

In numerous ways, our dogs are a lot like us. But next time you watch your pooch navigate the living room, chase a toy or focus on the treat in your hand, take some of these visual variances into account.  Our canines sit faithfully by our side as we regard the world together. Yet on many occasions what we actually see can be remarkably, distinctively different.

Thumbnail: Photography by fotoedu/Thinkstock.

Read more about your dog’s eyes on Dogster.com:

• Cherry Eye in Dogs: Tips on Prevention and Treatment
• Dogs With Blue Eyes? Meet These 6 Dog Breeds
• Can You Use Human OTC Eye Drops as Eye Drops for Dogs?

Concerned about your eyesight? Check out University Health News’ piece on Eating for Eyesight: Which Foods Protect Your Eyes? >>

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